コトバンクより
・世界大百科事典第二版の解説
ちりがく【地理学 geography】
土地空間を人間環境系として研究する学問。地球の表層世界は，さまざまな性状の土地空間からなり，大陸と海洋，山地･丘陵，平野，森林･草原･砂漠，耕地と牧野，農村と都市というように，場所から場所へと移り変わる多種多様な地人模様，あるいは景観が展開している。地理学は，そうした地域的差異の実態を把握し，その成因と変化の過程を解明して，人類が地球空間によりよく適応して繁栄するための基礎知識を提供する学問である。
・百科事典マイペディアの解説
地理学 【ちりがく】
大気と接触する地球表面の成り立ちや性質，特に人類，動植物と地面との関係を研究する学問。とくにその地理的差異に重点をおいて記述・説明する。ふつう系統地理学（または一般地理学）と，地域地理学および地誌学に大別される。
1.18.2014
幾何学
コトバンクより
・世界大百科事典第二版の解説
きかがく【幾何学 geometry】
一般に，幾何学とは図形に関する数学であると説明されているが，幾何学の対象，内容，方法は時代とともに著しく変遷し，その範囲も非常に拡大され，現在ではこれらをすべて含むように幾何学を定義することはできない。しかしながら，幾何学と名のつく数学では，図形の直観，またはその類似に依存して研究される度合が強い。なお，geometryはギリシア語の〈土地を測る〉を意味するgeōmetriaに由来し，幾何は中国語で量的な問いを意味する疑問詞で，中国からの伝来語である。
・百科事典マイぺディアの解説
幾何学 【きかがく】
図形や空間の性質を研究する数学の部門。エジプト，バビロニア，ギリシアを通じて発展した初等幾何学はユークリッド幾何学に体系化されたが，近代以後非ユークリッド幾何学，解析幾何学，射影幾何学，微分幾何学，リーマン幾何学，位相幾何学など多くの分野が生まれている。
・世界大百科事典第二版の解説
きかがく【幾何学 geometry】
一般に，幾何学とは図形に関する数学であると説明されているが，幾何学の対象，内容，方法は時代とともに著しく変遷し，その範囲も非常に拡大され，現在ではこれらをすべて含むように幾何学を定義することはできない。しかしながら，幾何学と名のつく数学では，図形の直観，またはその類似に依存して研究される度合が強い。なお，geometryはギリシア語の〈土地を測る〉を意味するgeōmetriaに由来し，幾何は中国語で量的な問いを意味する疑問詞で，中国からの伝来語である。
・百科事典マイぺディアの解説
幾何学 【きかがく】
図形や空間の性質を研究する数学の部門。エジプト，バビロニア，ギリシアを通じて発展した初等幾何学はユークリッド幾何学に体系化されたが，近代以後非ユークリッド幾何学，解析幾何学，射影幾何学，微分幾何学，リーマン幾何学，位相幾何学など多くの分野が生まれている。
Geography
From Wikipedia
Geography (from Greek γεωγραφία, geographia, lit. "earth description"[1]) is the branch of knowledge that studies the lands, the features, the inhabitants, and the phenomena of the Earth.[2] A literal translation would be "to describe or write about the Earth". The first person to use the word "geography" was Eratosthenes (276–194 BC).[3] Four historical traditions in geographical research are spatial analysis of the natural and the human phenomena (geography as the study of distribution), area studies (places and regions), study of the man-land relationship, and research in the Earth sciences.[4] Nonetheless, modern geography is an all-encompassing discipline that foremost seeks to understand the Earth and all of its human and natural complexities - not merely where objects are, but how they have changed and come to be. Geography has been called "the world discipline" and "the bridge between the human and the physical science". Geography is divided into two main branches: human geography and physical geography.[5][6][7]
Geography (from Greek γεωγραφία, geographia, lit. "earth description"[1]) is the branch of knowledge that studies the lands, the features, the inhabitants, and the phenomena of the Earth.[2] A literal translation would be "to describe or write about the Earth". The first person to use the word "geography" was Eratosthenes (276–194 BC).[3] Four historical traditions in geographical research are spatial analysis of the natural and the human phenomena (geography as the study of distribution), area studies (places and regions), study of the man-land relationship, and research in the Earth sciences.[4] Nonetheless, modern geography is an all-encompassing discipline that foremost seeks to understand the Earth and all of its human and natural complexities - not merely where objects are, but how they have changed and come to be. Geography has been called "the world discipline" and "the bridge between the human and the physical science". Geography is divided into two main branches: human geography and physical geography.[5][6][7]
Geometry
From Wikipedia
Geometry (Ancient Greek: γεωμετρία; geo- "earth", -metron "measurement") is a branch of mathematics concerned with questions of shape, size, relative position of figures, and the properties of space. A mathematician who works in the field of geometry is called a geometer. Geometry arose independently in a number of early cultures as a body of practical knowledge concerning lengths, areas, and volumes, with elements of a formal mathematical science emerging in the West as early as Thales (6th Century BC). By the 3rd century BC geometry was put into an axiomatic form by Euclid, whose treatment—Euclidean geometry—set a standard for many centuries to follow.[1] Archimedes developed ingenious techniques for calculating areas and volumes, in many ways anticipating modern integral calculus. The field of astronomy, especially mapping the positions of the stars and planets on the celestial sphere and describing the relationship between movements of celestial bodies, served as an important source of geometric problems during the next one and a half millennia. Both geometry and astronomy were considered in the classical world to be part of the Quadrivium, a subset of the seven liberal arts considered essential for a free citizen to master.
Geometry (Ancient Greek: γεωμετρία; geo- "earth", -metron "measurement") is a branch of mathematics concerned with questions of shape, size, relative position of figures, and the properties of space. A mathematician who works in the field of geometry is called a geometer. Geometry arose independently in a number of early cultures as a body of practical knowledge concerning lengths, areas, and volumes, with elements of a formal mathematical science emerging in the West as early as Thales (6th Century BC). By the 3rd century BC geometry was put into an axiomatic form by Euclid, whose treatment—Euclidean geometry—set a standard for many centuries to follow.[1] Archimedes developed ingenious techniques for calculating areas and volumes, in many ways anticipating modern integral calculus. The field of astronomy, especially mapping the positions of the stars and planets on the celestial sphere and describing the relationship between movements of celestial bodies, served as an important source of geometric problems during the next one and a half millennia. Both geometry and astronomy were considered in the classical world to be part of the Quadrivium, a subset of the seven liberal arts considered essential for a free citizen to master.
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